Street culture has received considerable attention in the popular press, on social media, and increasingly in scholarly circles.

One of the things where less attention is spent is on a reasonably acceptable definition. In short, Street Culture can be defined as “the beliefs, dispositions, ideologies, informal rules, practices, styles, symbols, and values associated with, adopted by, and engaged in by individuals and organizations that spend a disproportionate amount of time on the streets of large urban centers (Ross, 2018, p. 8).

That said, many questionable myths exist about street culture. These beliefs prevent us from adequately understanding its contributions, limitations, and possibilities for use.

Some popular misconceptions about street culture are listed as least to most important.

Myth 1: Street Culture is Unique to Particular Locations

Many assume street culture is inherently tied to specific communities and neighborhoods because they encounter distinct styles, behaviors, and symbols in those urban areas. However, while some elements—such as streetwear trends, graffiti styles, or body modifications—may have originated in particular locations, they are not exclusive to them. The mobility of individuals, the influence of global media, and the commercialization of subcultural aesthetics have contributed to the widespread dissemination of elements of street culture beyond its points of origin.  Rather than being static and place-bound, street culture evolves as it travels, adapting to new environments and merging with local traditions. For instance, hip-hop, which emerged in the Bronx, has been reinterpreted in cities worldwide, leading to distinct regional expressions. Similarly, once rooted in specific urban communities, sneaker culture has become a global phenomenon shaped at the very least by athletic endorsements, hype culture, and corporate branding.

Myth 2: Street Culture is Primarily an American Phenomenon

It may seem like an American phenomenon if one equates street culture solely with the origins of hip-hop and its associated elements (rap, beatboxing, breakdancing, etc.). However, street culture is far more expansive, encompassing diverse expressions like graffiti, skateboarding, parkour, and informal economies. These forms appear worldwide, from Brazil’s pichação and France’s parkour to South Africa’s pantsula dance and Japan’s bosozoku subcultures. Rather than being confined to the United States, street culture emerges in response to urban conditions, social struggles, and creative activities across economically privileged and marginalized communities.

Myth 3: Street culture is restricted to the disadvantaged, excluded, poor, or marginalized sectors of an urban population.

Popular media often portrays street culture as the domain of marginalized and socioeconomically disadvantaged people, frequently linking it to gangs or criminal activity. Although street culture can emerge from economic hardship and social exclusion, reducing it to these conditions ignores its broader appeal and diversity. Many aspects of street culture require significant financial investment, contradicting the assumption that it is solely for the disadvantaged.

For example, lowrider culture—commonly associated with street culture—involves customized cars costing tens of thousands of dollars. Similarly, the sneaker industry, driven by streetwear trends, includes luxury collaborations where shoes sell for hundreds or even thousands of dollars. High-fashion brands frequently draw inspiration from street aesthetics, and affluent individuals participate in street culture by incorporating elements like designer sneakers or graffiti-inspired couture.

By framing street culture as exclusively tied to poverty, we overlook its fluidity and how individuals across socio-economic classes engage with and contribute to it. While some forms of street culture originate in marginalized communities, they are neither confined to nor defined solely by them.

Myth 4: Street Culture is Limited to Urban Centers

Pop culture often reinforces a common perception that street culture exists only in large cities, particularly in low-income areas. Although this view has some merit, street culture thrives in various environments and adapts to different social and spatial contexts. First, street culture extends beyond major cities into suburbs and near suburbs. While neighborhoods like the banlieues of Paris or the Jane-Finch corridor of Toronto share socio-economic conditions with some parts of inner cities—dense populations, high unemployment, and significant immigrant and refugee communities—street culture also emerges in smaller towns and rural regions through informal economies, graffiti, and underground music scenes. Second, street culture manifests in diverse urban spaces beyond the stereotypical “streets.” It influences social interactions in bars, gyms, nightclubs, restaurants, and transportation hubs, shaping behaviors and hierarchies. In schools, students navigate status through language, dress, and affiliations, while in correctional facilities, power dynamics often mirror street norms in a hypermasculine form. These settings demonstrate how street culture is not tied to geography but to social structures that emerge in different institutions.

Myth 5: Street Culture is the Purview of Youth Culture

Media portrayals often highlight youth-centered movements such as hip-hop, graffiti, and skateboarding, reinforcing that street culture is inherently youthful. While younger generations pioneered these movements, street culture is not age-specific. Many older individuals actively shape and sustain street culture in often overlooked ways. These include street vendors, small business owners, homeless and unhoused communities, elderly street performers, artists,  older graffiti writers, and urban creatives. Why, then, does the myth that street culture is the domain of youth persist? This can be boiled down to three overlapping factors: Media Representation, Historical Association, and Marginalization of Older Participants. Street culture is not bound by age—it is shaped by all who navigate, inhabit, and contribute to public spaces. While youth may bring innovation and energy to various aspects of street culture, they are not the only participants.

Myth 6: Street Culture is Mostly Streetwear

Street culture is often reduced to streetwear—sneakers, baseball caps, and T-shirts—produced by brands like BAPE, Stüssy, and Supreme. While these brands capitalize on the aesthetic and energy of urban life, this oversimplification serves a commercial purpose and obscures the broader, more complex concept of street culture. Beyond fashion, street culture includes the ideologies, practices, and interactions that shape life in urban public spaces. This encompasses graffiti, street art, street food, and the social dynamics—ranging from community-building to informal economies, as well as the tensions of policing and resistance—that give urban environments their vibrancy. Street culture is not simply a style; it is a lived experience and a form of expression that extends far beyond retail.

Myth 7: Individuals associated with street culture are engaged in creative or artistic activities.

There is a widespread belief that people who engage with street culture are inherently creative, participating in dance, music, graffiti, street art, and fashion. This myth excludes a significant portion of those involved in street culture, such as individuals who work on or adjacent to the streets, those experiencing homelessness, and street vendors. While these groups may not be traditionally seen as engaging in “artistic” or “creative” activities, they contribute to the fabric of street culture in vital, often overlooked ways. For many, street culture is about survival, resilience, and adaptability—qualities that require significant creativity, even if they don’t manifest in the expected forms of music or graffiti. Street vendors, for example, may not be regarded as artists in the conventional sense. Still, their resourcefulness in marketing their goods, navigating social dynamics, and creating vibrant local economies reflects a creative engagement with their environment.

Why do people hold on to these beliefs about Street Culture?

Many misconceptions about street culture stem from mass media’s (especially news and social media) portrayals, which often reduce it to crime or exoticized subcultures. These representations homogenize the lived experience of those who create and sustain street culture.

Until we critically examine these beliefs, myths, and representations, street culture will continue to be misunderstood, limiting its recognition as a legitimate and complex social phenomenon.

While most communication channels do not engage in this kind of analysis, the academic fields of urban anthropology, geography and sociology, and criminology often provide valuable frameworks (or counternarratives) for understanding street culture beyond the mainstream. Indulging in these academic disciplines may open doors of understanding to people interested in learning about street culture at a deeper level.

Photo Credit

Photographer: Nate Bolt

Title: b-boy executing a freeze