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How to Respond in These Uncertain Times

In the next few days (Tuesday, November 5), the United States faces one of the most consequential elections in its 248-year history.

Should Kamala Harris win, Donald Trump and his MAGA loyalists are unlikely to concede peacefully.

Trump and his Republican supporters have made it clear, and his followers expect him to challenge unfavorable results—not only through litigation, his favored approach, but through various other means too.

If Trump prevails, we face the risk of intensified political and economic instability. Prospects for growth—whether in real estate or business—may feel too risky for many.

Several respected experts and organizations that monitor this sort of thing have predicted a potential downturn, and an environment of heightened volatility could deter both domestic and international investors.

It’s also conceivable that we will see violent protests like those that occurred, during the Trump administration at state capitols in Arizona, Idaho, Michigan, and Oregon with armed protesters attempting to or successfully gaining access. And we may witness one or more large-scale riots like the one that occurred  in Washington, DC on January 6, 2021.

The possibility of continued domestic unrest is not simply conjecture. Numerous non-partisan organizations  (e.g., FBI and DHS Reports on Domestic Terrorism Threats, University of Maryland’s START findings, Pew Research Center, YouGov, etc. ) have conducted rigorous research pointing to this heightened risk.

The big question: Will law enforcement and military personnel be able to adequately respond to this kind of civil unrest and will they uphold their commitment to the Constitution if tested?

Given this state of affairs, what is the best course of action Americans who wish to live in a peaceful democracy take?

Although these suggestions may sound a little pollyannaish, Americans can take proactive steps to strengthen their communities, support democratic institutions, and foster personal and collective resilience. Here are seven strategies to consider:

  1. Engage in Informed, Active Citizenship

Prioritize high-quality information from reputable news sources. Check sources before sharing news or acting on it. Engage in democratic processes: show up to vote, volunteer as a poll worker, and participate in community dialogues. Attempt to have constructive conversations with people who hold opinions different than your own,  in order to help you to understand their perspectives and to reduce any misunderstandings you or they hold.

  1. Build Community Resilience

Strengthen connections within your local community. Build and maintain networks of support that can keep people connected, informed, and prepared, reducing vulnerability to radicalization. Prepare for possible temporary disruptions in public services. Stocking up on essentials (e.g., food, etc.) or knowing local emergency contacts is a way to feel more secure. Community-based initiatives—such as neighborhood watches or civic committees—can promote both safety and unity.

Focusing on community safety and nonviolence is another powerful step. Learning peaceful bystander intervention techniques (e.g., the 5 D’s of Bystander Intervention) and participating in community initiatives that promote nonviolence can help deter violence and defuse tense situations if they arise.

  1. Use Social Media Responsibly

In a climate where misinformation can escalate tensions, be mindful of what you consume and share on social media. Verify sources before reposting or reacting to content.

Promote civil discourse online whenever possible. (Don’t be a troll). Social media algorithms often amplify sensational or divisive content. By choosing to share posts that encourage unity, reason, and thoughtful analysis, individuals can contribute positively to the digital landscape.

  1. Support Nonpartisan, Community-Based Initiatives

Volunteering in activities that benefit the local community (e.g., helping out at food banks, homeless shelters,  cleaning up parks, etc.) can bring people with different political opinions together. Focusing on shared values and needs has the possibility of  reducing polarization within communities.

Supporting nonpartisan organizations (with donations of time and money) that prioritize election security, voter rights, and social unity—like the League of Women Voters—also strengthens democratic values across the spectrum.

  1. Promote Political and Social Accountability

Stay engaged with your political representatives. Don’t be afraid to contact elected officials about your concerns related to voting rights, security, and extremism. Don’t assume that you are being a pain. Citizens need to remind representives of their accountability to their constituents and encourage them to support policies that protect democratic principles and public safety.

Supporting transparent news media and civil rights groups (again with donations), like the ACLU, Center for Public Integrity, ProPublica, Pew Research Center,  or SPLC, is another way to maintain accountability. These organizations provide oversight on civil liberties, hate group activity, and government transparency, helping citizens stay informed with reliable information.

  1. Engage in Individual Resilience Practices

In high-stress times, physical and mental wellness is essential. Stress can cloud judgment and make people more susceptible to sickness, extreme rhetoric and do stupid things. It’s wise to take care of yourself by getting enough sleep, limiting alcohol or recreational drug use, and engaging in physical activity. Manage emotional reactions by taking a break from news media broadcasts and social media. Practice or increase the frequency with which you engage in relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, or walks in nature. Go to an art gallery or museum, engage in a hobby or pastime, like cooking.

  1. De-escalate Local Conflicts

Understanding and practicing de-escalation techniques can help when conflicts arise. Staying calm, actively listening, and keeping a safe distance from people who seem unhinged, and situations that seem out of control, may lessen unnecessary escalation. Familiarizing yourself with local de-escalation resources, like community mediators or violence interrupters can be useful. Contacting law enforcement should be reserved for clear threats or dangerous situations, as it can sometimes make matters worse.

Looking towards the Future

In these uncertain times,  these strategies and practices to bolster our communities, safeguard democratic principles, may be the best and only way to rationally navigate the unpredictable political landscape that has been thrust upon us.

Photo Credit:

Photographer John Rushing

Untitled (Police and protesters in Washington DC)

Eleven Reasons Why Criminal Justice Practitioners Should NOT Vote for Trump in 2024

In the United States, most law enforcement, corrections, probation, and parole officers typically have conservative beliefs and tend to vote for Republican political candidates.

Why? It’s mainly because of the party’s focus on law and order, support of criminal justice funding, and tougher crime policies.

But this upcoming presidential election (Tuesday November 5, 2024), most criminal justice practitioners should think twice about voting for Republican candidates and especially for former President Donald Trump.

Why is this the case?

1. During Trump’s presidency, federal law enforcement officers were deployed in response to protests and disturbances taking place in urban areas without local government consent, undermining local authority.

2. When he was in office, and particularly at the very end of his term, Trump issued pardons to individuals with close personal ties or political connections. This undermines legal accountability, and erodes the principle that justice should be blind and fair for all.

3. Both Trump’s rhetoric and policies have been criticized for marginalizing minority groups. Criminal justice professionals who prioritize diversity, equity, and inclusion within their ranks, and towards the people they serve,  see this as detrimental to those efforts, leading to sanctioning racial profiling, and greater mistrust between law enforcement and diverse communities.

4. Trump repeatedly claims that he is above the law, and experienced several serious legal nonpartisan challenges during his presidency, and continues to be subject to criminal prosecution after his term in office expired.

5. The former president has been found liable for sexual abuse and defamation in a civil case (Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump) and has now sustained 34 felony convictions in connection with hush money payments during his 2016 presidential campaign (People of the State of New York v. Donald J. Trump).

6. Trump has encouraged aggressive law enforcement tactics and has frequently supported the militarization of police forces in the United States. This does not align with criminal justice professionals who advocate community policing and de-escalation techniques to build trust with the people they serve.

7. There is significant evidence that during the Trump presidency that he attempted to undermine the independence of the Department of Justice (DOJ) by pressuring officials to pursue politically motivated investigations and intervene in cases involving his associates. This erodes the impartiality required in the criminal justice system.

8. Not only has Trump frequently and publicly criticized the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) accusing them all sorts of unproven actions. This has an overall effect of damaging the credibility of this important federal law enforcement institution and its ability to perform its duties in a nonpartisan manner.

9. In 2020, in the wake of the national protests against the death of African-American George Floyd, at the hands of Minneapolis Police officers, Trump encouraged a heavy handed response toward protesters. He was also dismissive of calls for police reform. Many criminal justice professionals who seek balanced reforms in policing find Trump’s stance lacking in addressing systemic issues within law enforcement.

10. Trump’s immigration policies and practices (e.g.,Sanctuary City Restrictions and Funding Ties, Increased Role of 287(g) Agreements, ICE Detainers and Hold Requests, Public Charge Rule, Enhanced Border Enforcement and Interior Checkpoints) placed additional burdens on local law enforcement officers and the criminal justice system, requiring them to act on policies that many see as inhumane or counterproductive.

11. Trump actively encouraged the January 6th Capitol riot, that led to the injury of approximately 140 law enforcement officers, the immediate death of one officer, and the suicide of four others. Trump’s (and fellow Republican politicians) misleading characterization of the protesters as peaceful undermines the reality of the violence and law enforcement casualties.

All in all, during his presidency and currently, Trump has eroded the fragile long-term trust between law enforcement, correctional, probation and parole officers and disadvantaged communities. Taken as a whole, Trumps actions (and MAGA nation) threaten the rule of law, negatively affect efforts to maintain and/or increase democratic accountability, and frustrate both current and  future of criminal justice reforms that are empirically proven to make a difference.

In short, not only will another Trump term be damaging to the nation as a whole, it will represent a step backward for criminal justice professionals who are committed to protecting the constitution, and evolving and reforming the fields of policing, corrections, probation and parole.

This is not a normal election, the solution is not to sit this election out, but to vote for Kamala Harris.

Photo credit:

Photographer: Diana Robinson
Title: NYPD Police Academy Graduation Ceremony at Madison Square Garden
(NYPD Police Academy Graduation Ceremony at Madison Square Garden on Monday, June 30, 2014)

The evolving nature of street food?

Over the past two decades, interest in street food has grown.

Articles, books, podcasts, YouTube channels, and television shows have all celebrated the wide variety of dishes that fall under this type of cuisine.

When the term street food is mentioned, it typically conjures images of vendors cooking and serving local specialties in makeshift tents, kiosks, food carts, or other precarious structures in urban settings. In some cities, street food is seen as an integral part of urban and street culture.

Take almost any Saturday in New York City: one or more streets are blocked off, and numerous vendors line the streets, selling everything from Chinese dumplings, to Italian pizza, to Thai noodles to Mexican tacos. Depending on the weather and other competing factors, customers line up at these businesses to sample the diverse culinary options.

In many respects, street food has been, or continues to be  part of the unique cultural and social fabric of many neighborhoods and cities around the world.

The Dilution of Street Food?

Historically, street food consisted of flavorful, traditional dishes prepared using local ingredients and cooking techniques. It was accessible both in terms of physical proximity and affordability, often quickly made and served to working people.

Street food was also connected to a meal’s origins, context, and who prepares it.

But today due to a confluence of factors, even some traditional high-end bricks and mortar restaurants, and fast-food chains operating in suburban shopping malls and airport terminals use the term street food in their description of the food they serve and the branding of their businesses.

In short, what was once a humble, localized type of food is now prepared, marketed, sold to, and eaten by consumers far removed from the streets.

One step further. The term street food now seems to be tossed around so carelessly that almost any food served in these settings is labeled street food, rendering the term and what it stands for increasingly meaningless.

Does this widened application of the expression undermine the authenticity of what street food truly is?

What Defines Street Food?

The current use of the term raises other important questions. For example, if so-called street food is cooked in one’s home, does it cease to be street food? Conversely, if a Michelin-starred restaurant temporarily serves one or more dishes at a street festival, does that make it street food?

Now consider these relatively recent developments:

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted restaurant owners to build makeshift outdoor dining shelters. Should food prepared in an indoor kitchen and served outside in these spaces now qualify as street food simply because it’s consumed in an open-air setting?

Similarly food trucks, which have grown exponentially in many cities, further complicates the meaning of street food. Does their mobility and presence in urban settings automatically make them purveyors of street food, or are they merely rebranding the same fare served in brick-and-mortar restaurants?

These examples and the questions posed highlight the fluidity of the street food concept and seem to suggest that this type of cuisine is now less about the specific types of food that fall under the street food label, the context in which it is served, and the experience that the consumer has by eating it.

The Evolving Nature of Street Food

It’s important to recognize that the spread of so-called street food into new settings—such as malls, upscale restaurants, or even food trucks—is also indicative of its adaptability, creativity of the people who prepare it, and its influence.

The global popularity of street food has allowed vendors, chefs and cooks to experiment with traditional recipes, giving rise to fusion cuisines and new dining experiences that may attract new and diverse audiences.

Although this evolution may appear to dilute the original concept and meal, it also speaks to the dynamic nature of food culture in urban environments.

However, this expansion raises a tension: is street food evolving into something new, or is its identity being co-opted by commercial interests, reducing it to just another marketing gimmick?

A Lack of Consensus

The reluctance to definitively define street food isn’t just a cultural or linguistic debate; it extends to scholarly discussions in fields like urban studies, public health, nutrition, and food sciences.

Likely due to the complexities of global culinary traditions (think Bangkok or Mexico City), changing food consumption patterns, and the commercialization of what was once grassroots cuisine, many academics writing about street food and publishing in scholarly journals have been hesitant to lock down a clear definition.

The difficulty of applying a uniform definition to street food may be indicative of  the vast differences in cultural, economic, and geographical contexts in which street food is prepared, sold and consumed.

Instead of  focusing on rigid definitions and authenticity, perhaps we should also consider street food as a reflection of broader social and economic forces; ones that include the intertwined processes of migration, urbanization, and globalization.

Food for thought

Although street food was once tied to local, informal, and sometimes precarious street culture practices, in many parts of the world its evolved into a type of cuisine that is prepared, sold, and consumed by people far removed from the streets in which it might have been born.

This transformation has had an effect not just on what now constitutes street food, but changing food culture and consumer preferences.

Street food now embodies adaptability, ingenuity, and opportunity.

These changes should be understood every time you take a bite, slurp, swallow, enjoy, and perhaps digest your food.

Photo Credit

Photographer: Tore Bustad

Title: Street Food